What is model validation?

Model validation refers to the process of ensuring that a model accurately represents the real-world system it is intended to simulate or analyze. This involves comparing the model's predictions with actual observed data to ascertain how well the model captures the behavior and characteristics of the system. When a model is validated successfully, it provides confidence that it can be used for making decisions, predictions, or further analyses.

In the context of engineering and computational modeling, validation is critical because it supports the credibility of the model. A validated model helps ensure that the engineering analyses based on it will produce reliable results, leading to sound conclusions and effective designs.

Other concepts like ensuring efficiency, developing models for various scenarios, or testing against hypothetical data may contribute to the broader modeling process but do not encompass the core purpose of model validation, which specifically targets the accuracy of representation against real-world observations.