Which unit of computer architecture is responsible for performing arithmetic and logical operations?

The Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) is the component of computer architecture specifically designed to carry out arithmetic and logical operations. These operations include basic calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as well as logical operations like AND, OR, NOT, and comparisons. This functionality is essential for the execution of programs, as it allows the CPU to process data and make decisions based on the results of those operations.

The ALU works in conjunction with other units in the CPU, like the Control Unit, which directs the operation of the processor, and the Memory Unit, which stores data and instructions. The Input Unit, on the other hand, is responsible for receiving data and instructions from external sources. By focusing on the specific role of arithmetic and logical operations, the ALU is a fundamental part of the processing capabilities of a computer.